As said, the relevant information is very definitely posted in various threads here on the forum. I've even seen threads where all of the suspension components required to do a rebuild are listed by part numbers.
Let me see if I can pull together a good list of "consumable" items for the 500E/E500, by suspension. I'll mark the rubber and bushing items in blue, for emphasis on stuff that does go bad over time.
For most of these parts, two will be required. For ones listed as "repair kit," generall the repair kit will cover both sides.
FRONT SUSPENSION:
Front struts: 124 320 43 30
Front lower control arms:
- Left: 124 330 34 07
- Right: 124 330 35 07
Upper strut mounts: 124 320 14 44
Front strut buffers: 124 323 06 44
Front strut rubber boots: 129 323 01 92
Steering damper: 124 463 04 32
Drag link: 124 460 14 05
Spring shims (only one size needed, depending on ride height desired):
- 8mm: 201 321 09 84 (for use with blue-stripe stock springs)
- 13mm: 201 321 10 84 (for use with red-stripe stock springs)
Sway bar bushings:
- inner: 124 323 47 85
- outer: 124 323 51 85
REAR SUSPENSION:
Rear hydropneumatic struts: 124 320 42 13 (2 required)
Rear hydropneumatic strut hardware/bushing kit: 124 320 03 56 (2 required)
Subframe-related mounts:
- Subframe front bushing repair kit: 124 350 04 41 (includes 2 bushings + hardware)
- Subframe rear bushings: 124 351 02 42 (2 required)
- Subframe rear bushing hardware kit: 124 350 67 08 (1 required)
- Differential mount kit (forward): 124 350 97 08 (NLA)
- Differential mount bushings (rear): 129 351 18 42 (2 required)
Spring shims (only one size needed, depending on ride height desired):
- 8mm: 201 325 09 44 (for use with blue-stripe stock springs)
- 13mm: 201 325 10 44 (for use with red-stripe stock springs)
- 18mm: 201 325 11 44 (not used)
Rear swaybar mount repair kit: 201 320 04 47
Rear swaybar end mounting bar: 124 320 02 89
Rear lower wheel carrier support joint bushing: 230 352 00 27
Five-link rear suspension control arms:
- Standard bushing tie rod: 210 350 21 53
- Strut rod: 210 350 33 06
- Control strut: 210 350 34 06
- Thrust arm: 210 350 38 06
- Lower control arm (has bushings installed): 202 350 02 06
In any case, this should get you started. You MUST look at the EPC to confirm things. Again, for many of these items, there are HOW-TO articles that generally list the part numbers involved (unless superseded since, as is the case with the rear lower wheel carrier joint bushings, and I believe some rear subframe mounts).