Apart from the fact that the W201 is a narrower car with suspension pickup points positioned closer together, the W201 and W124 platforms are largely similar. Most components are interchangeable.
As far as I know, the main exceptions are the steering arms, tie rods, steering damper(?), rear subframe, half-shafts, and rear sway bar.
That said, front sway bars from the W124 can be fitted to the W201 chassis. To make them work, you simply need to trim about 1.5 cm off each end of the bar. However, it’s important to match the sway bar to the engine layout. A 4-cylinder sway bar won’t clear a 6-cylinder oil pan, and a 6-cylinder bar will interfere with a V8 oil pan.
Rear sway bars are unique for the w201 but are interchangeable across all W201 models. For example, I’m currently running a W124 300E front sway bar and an EVO2 rear sway bar on my 190E 2.6.
Interestingly, there are now a few aftermarket sway bar options available for the W201—both front and rear—for 4-, 5-, and 6-cylinder versions. In contrast, aftermarket support for the W124 seems to be limited.
Since I’m planning a V8 swap, I’ve been specifically looking for a W124 V8 sway bar, as there’s no aftermarket alternative that fits the application properly.